Best Nitric Oxide Supplements of 2024, Tested and Expert Reviewed

Nitric oxide supplements are a staple in the fitness world, partly thanks to their research-backed effects on blood flow. But let’s make sure one thing is clear — even the best nitric oxide supplements aren’t actually made with nitric oxide. Instead, they’re a mixture of ingredients — primarily L-arginine and L-citrulline — that aim to boost nitric oxide production in the body.

Nitric oxide is a gaseous molecule that plays a crucial role in many biological functions — the side effects of nitric oxide include neurotransmission, inflammation, and vasodilation (AKA blood flow, AKA muscle pump). (1) While there’s still a need for more research regarding its effects on athletic performance, these purported benefits have customers searching for the best nitric oxide supplements on the market. If that’s you, you’ve come to the right place. We’ve tested dozens of products and scored them according to our testing methodology to find the best nitric oxide supplements available today.

The Best Nitric Oxide Supplements of 2024

• Best Nitric Oxide Supplement Overall: Transparent Labs Nitric Oxide
• Best Nitric Oxide Supplement for Blood Pressure: KOS Organic Beet Root Powder
• Best Nitric Oxide Supplement for Circulation: Onnit Total Nitric Oxide
• Best Nitric Oxide Supplement for Bodybuilding: Kaged Citrulline
• Best Nitric Oxide Pre-Workout Supplement: Transparent Labs Bulk Black
• Best Nitric Oxide Stim-Free Pre-Workout Supplement: Legion Pulse Caffeine-Free
• Best Nitric Oxide Supplement on Amazon: Jacked Factory Nitro Surge
• Best Nitric Oxide Pills: Nutricost Nitric Oxide Booster

Nitric Oxide Supplements Video Review

Don’t worry — we won’t leave a stone unturned in this review of our top nitric oxide supplements. But after you finish reading this article, head over to YouTube and check out what Jake Herod, NASM-CNC, has to say in his video review of our top nitric oxide supplements of 2024. 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iyTSV6eoywY

How We Tested and Chose the Best Nitric Oxide Supplements

There are many nitric oxide supplements out there, and while they boast impressive claims, very few have the science to back them up. Plus, the FDA doesn’t regulate sports nutrition supplements, adding another layer of mystery to your supplement choices. No need to worry because we’ve got you covered. Our testing team put dozens of nitric oxide supplements to the test, scoring them against BarBend’s standardized supplement testing methodology. 

The team, comprised of certified personal trainers, elite-level athletes, coaches, and registered dietitians, leaned into their professional judgments and personal experiences to provide you with as much information as possible to make an informed shopping decision. The testing team considered various factors, with a strong emphasis on the following:

• Ingredients: Nitric oxide supplements don’t contain nitric oxide but rather ingredients that support nitric oxide production. We examined the ingredients list and compared the formulations against what the latest research says. We looked for products that contained ingredients such as L-citrulline, citrulline malate, L-arginine, and beetroot extract. 
• Dosing: Products might have all the right ingredients, but what’s the point if the doses aren’t backed by science? We checked the amounts per serving to ensure they are worth the investment. 
• Side effects: Our testers noted any and all side effects they experienced while taking the nitric oxide supplement. Obviously, the goal of a nitric oxide supplement is to increase muscle pump. Our testers let us know whether or not they experienced the desired results and if they experienced any adverse effects. 
• Price per serving: Budget can be a significant factor when adding another supplement to the stack. In today’s economy, it’s important that you get the most bang for your buck.
• Third-party testing: Transparency is critical when it comes to supplement shopping. The FDA does not regulate dietary supplements, so we like to see companies go the extra mile and send their products for lab testing to ensure safety and purity. 

Best Nitric Oxide Supplement Overall: Transparent Labs Nitric Oxide

Transparent Labs Nitric Oxide is a nitric oxide booster that gets straight to the point, earning our pick for the best overall nitric oxide supplement. Its heavy-hitter ingredient is a hearty dose of NO3-T, a patented combination of arginine nitrate and betaine nitrate. Each serving provides 1,250 milligrams (mg) of arginine nitrate and 1,000mg of betaine nitrate. And while there’s very little research available for NO3-T, research shows that combining the two nitrates increases the body’s nitrate stores, supporting a stable, long-lasting production of nitric oxide for your workout. (2) 

Another ingredient, 250mg of L-glutathione, may help manage oxidative stress and encourage healthy blood flow. (3) And those 200mg of vitamin C? They increase the antioxidant content of the nutrition supplement and support nitrate absorption, so it can do its thing in nitric oxide production. (4)

This nitric oxide supplement is in capsule form, requiring four capsules per serving. If you’re not a fan of taking pills, this might be a deal breaker. Transparent Labs Nitric Oxide is highlighted as a pre-workout supplement, but you can take it anytime to help promote blood flow. If you’re taking Nitric Oxide to get a muscle pump before your workout, Transparent Labs recommends taking it 30-45 minutes before exercise on an empty stomach. 

Each 30-serving container costs $44.99 when ordered as a one-time purchase, costing around $1.50 per serving. However, you can arrange a delivery subscription for a $5 savings and free shipping, bringing the cost to $1.27 per serving. This is pretty average for nitric oxide-supporting products, earning it a 4 out of 5 score for price. 

Of course, in true Transparent Labs fashion, their Nitric Oxide supplement is third-party tested and Informed Choice certified. As a registered dietitian, I’m a fan of companies that send their supplements for third-party testing. The FDA doesn’t regulate dietary supplements, so I love to see brands go the extra mile to monitor their product’s purity and safety.  

Best Nitric Oxide Supplement for Blood Pressure: KOS Organic Beet Root Powder

Beetroot, with all its health benefits, has stepped into the spotlight and stolen the health and wellness show. Researchers have linked beetroot supplementation with improved markers for athletic performance, but its claim to fame continues to be its effects on overall health. Beetroot is often called a functional food for its role in improving blood lipids, blood glucose levels, and, our favorite, blood pressure. (5) And since KOS Organic Beet Root Powder contains organic beetroot powder and only organic beetroot powder, it earns our pick for the best nitric oxide supplement for blood pressure.

In my work as a dietitian, I like to prioritize whole foods first and then turn to supplements to bridge the gap between your nutritional needs and your dietary intake. Typically, the best nitric oxide foods are a great option because it’s rare to find a supplement that takes the same approach — but KOS hit the nail on the head in that regard. KOS kept this product simple, with only one ingredient — USDA organic beetroot powder. However, it’s unclear how much beetroot powder is actually in each serving, so we gave KOS Organic Beet Root Powder a 4 out of 5 for its formulation. And if you want your nitric oxide supplement to multitask, you may need to try another option on the list with more active ingredients.

Just one scoop of this organic, non-GMO, nitrate-rich beetroot supplement can improve blood pressure through its effects on vasodilation. With improved vasodilation comes decreased diastolic blood pressure. (5) Thanks to the beetroot, each scoop of this powder contains about 15 calories, 4 grams (g) of carbohydrates, and no protein or fat. Plus, it can be added to your favorite dish or beverage, making it convenient to incorporate a nitric oxide booster into your routine. 

You can snag a 90-serving container of this straightforward beet supplement for around $29.99 or approximately $0.33 per serving. As the most budget-friendly option on our list, it scored a 5 out of 5 for its price per serving. Unfortunately, that low price tag doesn’t allow for third-party testing — something to keep in mind if you’re a competitive athlete who undergoes drug testing.

[Related: Are Beets the Ultimate Pre-Workout Food?] 

Best Nitric Oxide Supplement for Circulation: Onnit Total Nitric Oxide

Onnit Total Nitric Oxide caught our attention in our search for the best nitric oxide supplement for improving blood circulation. It’s packed with arginine nitrate and L-citrulline, two compounds linked to cardiovascular function. (6) Each serving provides 1.4 g of arginine nitrate and 3 g of L-citrulline, but its circulation support doesn’t stop there. It also contains Careflow Mango Fruit Powder, which has been linked to improved endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) activity, a necessary pathway for blood circulation. (7)

My only hesitation with the supplement’s ingredient list is its proprietary blend. Total Nitric Oxide contains a proprietary blend of beetroot, grape seed, apple, and acerola cherry extracts. While the extracts themselves aren’t alarming, I prefer to know exactly how much of each ingredient is in each serving. As a result, we gave the formulation a 3.5 out of 5 score. 

Onnit recommends taking one scoop of their Total Nitric Oxide with 8 ounces of water up to twice daily, which may be less than convenient for some. Unfortunately, Onnit’s Nitric Oxide may be a budget buster compared to other nitric oxide boosters. When ordering as a one-time purchase, each tub costs $39.99. However, you can set up a delivery subscription for a 15 percent savings. At up to $2 per serving, it’s one of the most expensive options on this list, earning a 2 out of 5 score for its price per serving. Still, you get what you pay for as it’s third-party tested and Informed-Sport certified. 

Total Nitric Oxide boasts many purported benefits, including improved recovery, muscle-building support, reduced fatigue, and improved blood pressure. But if you’re in the business of stacking supplements, this nitric oxide boosting supplement can also be combined with Onnit’s Total Strength & Performance to further improve blood flow and skin-splitting pumps. 

Plus, while Onnit Total Nitric Oxide may be more expensive than its competition, it comes with a 90-day money-back guarantee. If it wasn’t a fit for you, simply reach out to Onnit’s customer service for a full refund. 

[Related: Types Of Supplements]

Best Nitric Oxide Supplement for Bodybuilding: Kaged Citrulline

In our search for the best nitric oxide supplements, we knew we needed to find something to fit the specific needs of our bodybuilder friends. Enter Kaged Citrulline. Arginine is necessary for nitric oxide synthesis, but many bodybuilders already get plenty of the amino acid in other supplements. (8) So, we set out to find a nitric oxide booster that provides arginine’s precursor — L-citrulline. 

Each container of Kaged Citrulline comes with roughly 100 servings. However, it’s important to note that the serving size is “one rounded scoop,” which isn’t very precise. Additionally, each scoop provides around 2 g of fermented L-citrulline, less than what science says is effective for exercise performance. Current research shows that L-citrulline is most effective in doses of at least 3 g and up to 15 g. (9) Due to its low citrulline content, we gave it a 3 out of 5 for its formulation.

But let’s be real — each serving costs just $0.25, making it a super affordable nitric oxide booster. When appropriate, you could take multiple servings to increase its impact while still paying less than the cost of one serving of its competition. For this reason, we gave it a 5 out of 5 score for its price per serving.

With such a simple, unflavored formula, Kaged Citrulline can be added to various other supplements, including protein powders, pre-workouts, and hydration drinks. I like the flexibility that affords bodybuilders who might be dealing with multiple supplements throughout the day. You can piece together a tailored dose to fit your needs while also maintaining a conservative budget. 

Like other Kaged products, Kaged Citrulline is tested by a third-party lab and is Informed-Sport certified, meaning it’s free from banned substances that might get competitive athletes into trouble. 

Best Nitric Oxide Pre-Workout Supplement: Transparent Labs Bulk Black

Transparent Labs Bulk Black might be the answer if you want to streamline your pre-workout routine, as it acts as an all-in-one pre-workout and nitric oxide booster. With a hefty dose of citrulline malate combined with other ingredients designed to support vascular health and blood flow, Transparent Labs Bulk Black is no joke. Plus, each serving contains 275mg of caffeine, giving you a little pep in your step before you hit the gym. Compared to other pre-workout supplements, 275mg is a hefty dose of caffeine — roughly the same amount as three cups of coffee. Bulk Black may not be ideal if you’re sensitive to caffeine or prone to caffeine jitters.

Bulk Black also provides research-backed doses of nitric oxide boosting compounds — 8g of citrulline malate and 4g of beta-alanine. These compounds earned Bulk Black a 4.5 out of 5 for its formulation, as research shows us that adequate doses of citrulline malate and beta-alanine are 6-8g and 4-6g, respectively. (10) 

Still, this is a pre-workout supplement, so it may not bring a good pump to everyone. Our tester felt like they could lift harder but didn’t notice any significant muscle pumps, giving it a 3 out of 5 for overall experience. “I didn’t experience a pump, but I did notice tingles running up and down my arms for a good 30 to 45 minutes,” they said. 

Each tub of Bulk Black comes with 30 servings for $54.99, or $1.83 per serving. While that’s on the higher end of what we like to see nitric oxide supplements sell for, you are getting a lot for your money. Plus, you can set up a delivery subscription for a $6 savings and free shipping.   

Bulk Black is offered in seven delicious flavors, including Cherry Kiwi, Blue Raspberry, Peach Mango, Sour Gummy, Black Cherry, Watermelon Peach, and Blueberry Pomegranate. Our tester tried Blue Raspberry and found the taste to be a little underwhelming. They gave the flavor a 3 out of 5, stating, “Mine tasted watered down. I would describe it more as a hint of blue raspberry. Maybe with less water, the flavor would be more potent.” Furthermore, there isn’t an unflavored option out of all those unique flavors. These creative flavors may not be conducive to mixing with other supplements or ingredients. 

Read our full Transparent Labs BulkBlack Review.

Best Nitric Oxide Stim-Free Pre-Workout Supplement: Legion Pulse Caffeine-Free

But what about those who want to improve their blood flow before a workout without consuming copious amounts of caffeine? That’s where the best stim-free pre-workouts come into play, and we think Legion Pulse Caffeine-Free Pre-Workout is a good fit for the job. It contains a clinically-based dose of citrulline malate and no caffeine.

Each 2-scoop serving contains a research-backed dose of 8 g of citrulline malate, higher than many competing nitric oxide supplements. Along with its positive effects on blood flow and muscle endurance, Legion Pulse can also improve strength, reduce fatigue, and increase power. Each scoop of Pulse contains beta-alanine, betaine anhydrous, and alpha-GPC.

Of course, all these benefits don’t come cheap. Legion Pulse rivals Transparent Labs Bulk Black and Onnit Total Nitric Oxide for the most expensive nitric oxide supplement. Each container has 20 servings, costing $39.99 or $2 per serving. However, you can sign up for a delivery subscription for a small savings. 

Legion Pulse Caffeine-Free is available in eight unique flavors, including Arctic Blast, Blue Raspberry, Fruit Punch, Tropical Punch, Grape, Green Apple, Sour Candy, and Strawberry Kiwi. Unfortunately, there isn’t an unflavored option, so you have to be mindful about stacking supplement flavors. Our tester tried the seasonal pink lemonade flavor, giving it a 5 out of 5 for taste and stating, “I wouldn’t call it sour at all, but it is sweet. I usually water it down a bit so the flavor isn’t overwhelming.”

Legion recommends mixing two scoops of this pre-workout in 8-12 ounces of water approximately 30 minutes before hitting the gym to get maximum results. Then, you can wait for the clinically dosed ingredients to do their thing. As far as solubility goes, our tester reports no issues. “There weren’t any major clumps or noticeable grittiness after mixing, which was a huge plus for me. I hate a sludgy mixture at the bottom of the cup.”

Even without the caffeine, our tester noticed that their pump came with tingles, but nothing alarming. And for those of you reading this and wishing it did contain caffeine, you’re in luck! Legion offers its Pulse Pre-Workout in a caffeinated version that contains a whopping 350mg of caffeine. Just keep in mind that consuming 350mg of caffeine in your pre-workout is like drinking four cups of coffee before you hit the gym.

Read our full Legion Pulse Review.

Best Nitric Oxide Supplement on Amazon: Jacked Factory Nitro Surge

One of our favorite nitric oxide supplements on Amazon right now is Jacked Factory’s Nitro Surge. Nitro Surge might be the most straightforward formula of their many different pre-workouts, making it an excellent option for those who want a good muscle pump without questionable ingredients. And with Prime shipping, it can be at your doorstep in as little as two days!

Nitro Surge supports nitric oxide production thanks to its citrulline content. Each scoop provides 3g of L-citrulline, which might be enough for those new to pre-workout supplements. However, Jacked Factory recommends that those with experience with this type of supplement should take two scoops for maximum results. We must agree, as research shows that 6-8g of citrulline is most effective for increasing blood flow. (10) Either way, I’m a fan of the flexibility Jacked Factory gives you here, especially considering two scoops contain clinically-researched doses. 

Unfortunately, those who need 2 scoops to get the job done will have to pay a pretty penny: $1.73 for that higher dose serving. According to our tester, it might be worth the cost. BarBend editorial member Matt Cummings put Nitro Surge to the test and experienced an energy boost that lasted throughout his workout without any adverse effects. “I felt jacked up, ready to go. This is really noteworthy because I usually work out in the morning but tried this mid day to early afternoon.” 

Nitro Surge comes in 16 flavors, including Arctic White, Black Cherry, and even Sour Peach Rings. See ya later, flavor fatigue! That is, unless you need an unflavored option to stack with another supplement or mix into a smoothie. Unfortunately, you’d be out of luck, as Nitro Surge doesn’t offer an unflavored option. 

Another factor to consider is the artificial sweetener used in the formula. Nitro Surge uses sucralose, which may cause gastrointestinal distress in some people and leave an artificial aftertaste for most. Considering that you have to consume two scoops to get clinically based doses and that the product uses sucralose as a sweetener, we gave Nitro Surge a 3.5 out of 5 for its formulation. 

And while we love how accessible Nitro Surge is, we’d be remiss not to mention that it doesn’t undergo any third-party testing for purity and safety. It scored a 1 out of 5 for third-party testing. Competitive athletes, especially those who may be subjected to drug testing, should keep that in mind.

Read our full Jacked Factory Nitro Surge Review.

Best Nitric Oxide Pills: Nutricost Nitric Oxide Booster

Sometimes, mixing yet another powder supplement is the last thing you want to do, so you turn to capsules. However, not all capsule nitric oxide supplements are created equal. Nutricost’s Nitric Oxide Booster Capsules took home the title for best nitric oxide pills. While you have to take three capsules to get the maximum dose, that’s still far less than other nitric oxide pills on the market. 

Nutricost aims to improve blood flow and enhance exercise performance with its Nitric Oxide Booster Capsules. Improved blood flow translates to reduced fatigue, improved endurance, and improved recovery times. 

Each serving of Nitric Oxide Booster contains a blend of key ingredients, including L-arginine and L-citrulline, which work together to increase vasodilation and muscle pump. Unfortunately, each ingredient is included in very small amounts. Each serving provides just 1,500mg of arginine and 750mg of L-citrulline in various forms, earning its formulation a 2.5 out of 5 score in my book. My thinking is, if you’re going to invest in a supplement and trust it in your system, you want it to be backed by science. 

Each bottle of capsules contains 60 servings, or a two-month supply, of nitric oxide boosters for $19.95 or $0.33 per serving. While the minimal doses of each ingredient might be to thank for its extremely low price, we can’t help but praise the affordability that Nutricost offers in this product. 

Although more than one dose of a three-capsule serving doesn’t sound ideal, if you need to bump your intake with multiple doses, it’s still more affordable than many other nitric oxide supplements. Plus, even at such an affordable cost, Nutricost is able to send its Nitric Oxide Booster Capsules for third-party testing, giving you peace of mind when taking the supplement.

Benefits of the Best Nitric Oxide Supplements

Taking one of these supplements can have several nitric oxide benefits when included in a well-rounded lifestyle. The most notable is its influence on vasodilation. Nitric oxide can widen blood vessels, allowing for better blood flow and achieving the ever-desired “pump” at the gym. However, the benefits don’t stop there. Nitric oxide has also been connected to improved cardiovascular health through its role in circulation, heartbeat regulation, and nutrient delivery to the muscles. (11)

• Improved vasodilation: Nitric oxide supplements help promote improved vasodilation by widening the blood vessels to allow for increased blood flow. Improved blood circulation allows oxygen and nutrients to be delivered more effectively, supporting many avenues of health. (1)
• Improved blood pressure: Nitric oxide supplements widen blood vessels, reducing resistance to blood flow. Since the heart doesn’t have to work as hard to pump blood through the vessels, it can lead to lower blood pressure. (11)
• Improved athletic performance: Nitric oxide supplements may enhance athletic performance by increasing muscle blood flow, thereby bringing more oxygen and nutrients essential for energy production. Improved blood flow also removes metabolic waste more efficiently, reducing fatigue and improving endurance. (12)

Of course, however, it’s my duty as a registered dietitian to emphasize that you don’t need a nitric oxide supplement to see these benefits. A well-balanced diet, regular exercise, hydration, and optimal sleep can offer the same effects over time. 

How Much Do The Best Nitric Oxide Supplements Cost?

As far as supplements go, nitric oxide supplements are generally inexpensive. When calculating cost, it’s better to look at the price per serving rather than the overall cost of the container. To do this, you’ll need to consider both the number of servings you’re getting and the overall cost of the product.

Best Nitric Oxide Supplement Overall	Transparent Labs Nitric Oxide	$44.99 $1.50 per serving
Best Nitric Oxide Supplement for Blood Pressure	KOS Organic Beet Root Powder	$29.99 $0.33 per serving
Best Nitric Oxide Supplement for Circulation	Onnit Nitric Oxide	$39.99 $2.00 per serving
Best Nitric Oxide Supplement for Bodybuilding	Kaged Citrulline	$24.99 $0.25 per serving
Best Nitric Oxide Pre-Workout Supplement	Transparent Labs Bulk Black	$54.99 $1.83 per serving
Best Nitric Oxide Stim-Free Pre-Workout Supplement	Legion Pulse Caffeine-Free	$39.99 $2.00 per serving
Best Nitric Oxide Supplement on Amazon	Jacked Factory Nitro Surge	$25.99 $0.87-$1.73 per serving, depending on the number of scoops
Best Nitric Oxide Pills	Nutricost Nitric Oxide Booster	$19.95 $0.33 per serving

What to Consider Before Buying Nitric Oxide Supplements

Nitric oxide supplements come in various forms and contain an equal variety of ingredients. Before choosing your perfect pick, ensure you know exactly what you want from your supplement. 

Pill vs. Powder

Nitric Oxide supplements come in both pill and powder form. Neither is totally inconvenient, but pills are definitely the most convenient of the two, as you can easily throw a bottle in your bag, head out the door, and take a couple any time that works for you. 

However, pills tend to digest slower than powder since your body has to break through the capsule. Therefore, if you’re looking for the nitric oxide supplement to kick in right away, a powder that you mix with liquid to consume directly is a better choice. Neither is more effective than the other overall — it’s all about your personal preferences and priorities.

Powder formulas lend enjoyability as a factor. If you enjoy tasty beverages or want to stay hydrated, a powder formula can be a great way to do that. It’s also possible to find an unflavored powder to stack with your other supplements, which can help ensure you’re taking the supplements you want with the most ease.

Ingredients

When determining which nitric oxide supplement to choose, it’s wise to understand how much of each amino acid or other ingredient combinations are used. Each choice on our list has a different dosage for each amino acid. Some have very slim ingredient lists, while others are rather extensive. Still, both offer their own benefits. 

Before you choose which nitric oxide to buy, make sure you know what ingredients and combinations of ingredients you want in your supplement so you are not overpaying for a more robust ingredient list than you need.

Speak to a Medical Professional

Nitric oxide supplements are not for everyone. Consult a medical professional before adding a nitric oxide supplement to your routine. If you decide to use a nitric oxide-boosting supplement, start slowly, as different compounds can affect some people differently. Instead of going straight for a full dose, it may be wise to start with a half dose and see how you feel. A medical doctor can help you make the right decision for your body.

Nitric Oxide Supplement FAQs

References

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2. Jones AM, Vanhatalo A, Seals DR, Rossman MJ, Piknova B, Jonvik KL. Dietary Nitrate and Nitric Oxide Metabolism: Mouth, Circulation, Skeletal Muscle, and Exercise Performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2021;53(2):280-294. doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000002470
3. Schmitt B, Vicenzi M, Garrel C, Denis FM. Effects of N-acetylcysteine, oral glutathione (GSH) and a novel sublingual form of GSH on oxidative stress markers: A comparative crossover study. Redox Biol. 2015;6:198-205. doi:10.1016/j.redox.2015.07.012
4. Ashor AW, Shannon OM, Werner AD, et al. Effects of inorganic nitrate and vitamin C co-supplementation on blood pressure and vascular function in younger and older healthy adults: A randomised double-blind crossover trial. Clin Nutr. 2020;39(3):708-717. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2019.03.006
5. Chen L, Zhu Y, Hu Z, Wu S, Jin C. Beetroot as a functional food with huge health benefits: Antioxidant, antitumor, physical function, and chronic metabolomics activity. Food Sci Nutr. 2021;9(11):6406-6420. Published 2021 Sep 9. doi:10.1002/fsn3.2577

6. Morita M, Hayashi T, Ochiai M, et al. Oral supplementation with a combination of L-citrulline and L-arginine rapidly increases plasma L-arginine concentration and enhances NO bioavailability. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2014;454(1):53-57. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.10.029
7. Bloomer RJ, Butawan M, Pigg B, Martin KR. Acute Ingestion of A Novel Nitrate-Rich Dietary Supplement Significantly Increases Plasma Nitrate/Nitrite in Physically Active Men and Women. Nutrients. 2020;12(4):1176. Published 2020 Apr 22. doi:10.3390/nu12041176
8. Kiani AK, Bonetti G, Medori MC, et al. Dietary supplements for improving nitric-oxide synthesis. J Prev Med Hyg. 2022;63(2 Suppl 3):E239-E245. Published 2022 Oct 17. doi:10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2S3.2766
9. Gonzalez AM, Yang Y, Mangine GT, Pinzone AG, Ghigiarelli JJ, Sell KM. Acute Effect of L-Citrulline Supplementation on Resistance Exercise Performance and Muscle Oxygenation in Recreationally Resistance Trained Men and Women. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2023;8(3):88. Published 2023 Jun 22. doi:10.3390/jfmk8030088
10. Douligeris A, Methenitis S, Lazou A, et al. The Effect of Acute Pre-Workout Supplement Ingestion on Basketball-Specific Performance of Well-Trained Athletes. Nutrients. 2023;15(10):2304. Published 2023 May 14. doi:10.3390/nu15102304
11. Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E. Nitric oxide signaling in health and disease. Cell. 2022;185(16):2853-2878. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2022.06.010
12. Jones AM, Thompson C, Wylie LJ, Vanhatalo A. Dietary Nitrate and Physical Performance. Annu Rev Nutr. 2018;38:303-328. doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-082117-051622